(R)-(+)-Etomoxir sodium salt

Description

Etomoxir Na (828934-41-4) is an irreversible inhibitor of mitochondrial carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 (CPT1).1 It is widely used to study fatty acid oxidation. Etomoxir has been investigated as a therapeutic agent for heart disease2, diabetes3, and cancer4,5. Use of etomoxir in concentrations greater than 5 μM induces acute production of ROS with associated evidence of severe oxidative stress in proliferating T cells indicating a loss of specificity for CTP1 at these concentrations.6 200 μM etomoxir inhibited complex I of the electron transport chain.7

The Uses of (R)-(+)-Etomoxir sodium salt

(+)-Etomoxir sodium salt hydrate has been used as an inhibitor of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT-1) in breast tumor cell lines and mice tumor. It has also been used as an inhibitor of fatty acid oxidation in human primary prostate epithelial cells and lymphocytes.

What are the applications of Application

(+)-Etomoxir sodium salt is a PPARα agonist and an irreversible CPT-1 inhibitor

Preparation

Mix raw material A with solvent (tetrahydrofuran), then add catalyst, heat to a certain temperature, add p-chlorophenol, nitrogen, stirring reaction, the reaction solution is dry, remove the solvent, the resulting solid is re-dispersed in anhydrous ethanol, add sodium hydroxide solution, stirring to 30-50 ° C reaction, after the reaction is concentrated under reduced pressure, concentrate is dried, the product is produced.

General Description

(+)-Etomoxir sodium salt hydrate belongs to oxirane carboxylic acid group of compounds and mediates metabolic channeling of fatty acid precursors. It favors oxidative stress in T cells and prevents T cell differentiation. It inhibits fatty acid oxidation and promotes hunger and food intake. Etomoxir impairs myeloid-derived suppressor cells mediated tumor and could have potential therapeutic potential.

Biochem/physiol Actions

Irreversible O-carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT-1) inhibitor; PPARα activator

Storage

Store at -20°C

References

1) Agius et al. (1991), Stereospecificity of the inhibition of etomoxir of fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis in isolated rat hepatocytes; Biochem. Pharmacol. 42 1717 2) Lionetti et al. (2011), Modulating fatty acid oxidation in heart failure; Cardiovasc. Res, 90 202 3) Huebinger et al. (1997), Effects of the carnitine-acyltransferase inhibitor etomoxir on insulin sensitivity, energy expenditure, and substrate oxidation in NIDDM; Horm. Metab. Res.?29 436 4) Pike et al. (2011), Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation by etomoxir impairs NADPH production and increases reactive oxygen species resulting in ATP depletion and cell death in human glioblastoma cells; Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1807 726 5) Samudio et al. (2010), Pharmacologic inhibition of fatty acid oxidation sensitizes human leukemia cells to apoptosis induction; J. Clin. Invest. 120 142 6) O’Connor et al. (2018), The CPT1a inhibitor, etomoxir, induces severe oxidative stress at commonly used concentrations; Sci. Rep.?8 6289 7) Yao et al. (2018), Identifying off-target effects of etomoxir reveals that carnitine palmitoyltransferase I is essential for cancer cell proliferation independent of β-oxidation; PLoS Biol. 16 e2003782