JC-1

Synonym(s):5,5′,6,6′-Tetrachloro-1,1′,3,3′-tetraethylbenzimidazolocarbocyanine iodide;5,5′,6,6′-Tetrachloro-1,1′,3,3′-tetraethyl-imidacarbocyanine iodide;CBIC2(3)

CAS NO.：3520-43-2
Empirical Formula: C25H27Cl4N4.I
Molecular Weight: 652.228
MDL number: MFCD00188475
EINECS: 200-258-5
SAFETY DATA SHEET (SDS)
Update Date: 2025-12-15 18:09:35

What is JC-1?

Description

JC-1 is a membrane-permeable cationic dye that is used to study mitochondrial integrity in the context of cellular apoptosis. It selectively enters mitochondria and changes fluorescence characteristics with alteration in mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm). In healthy cells with a high mitochondrial ΔΨm, JC-1 forms complexes known as J-aggregates, which fluoresce red/orange and may be detected using FL2 settings by flow cytometry. A drop in ΔΨm, a very early event in apoptosis, results in JC-1 monomers, which fluoresce green (FL1 settings on flow cytometers). JC-1 may also be used with fluorescent microscopes or plate readers, using excitation at 520-570 nm and emission at 570-610 nm for J-aggregates and excitation at 485 nm and emission at 535 nm for monomers.

The Uses of JC-1

A dual-emission potential-sensitive probe that can be used to measure mitochondrial membrane potential. JC-1 is a green-fluorescent monomer at low membrane potential. At higher potentials, JC-1 forms red-fluorescent "J-aggregates," which exhibit broad exc

The Uses of JC-1

The cyanine dye JC-1 has been used to determine mitochondrial transmembrane potential.

What are the applications of Application

JC-1 iodide is a mitochondrial membrane potential dye and fluorescent probe used to test Pgp activity.

Definition

ChEBI: 1,1',3,3'-tetraethyl-5,5',6,6'-tetrachloroimidacarbocyanine iodide is a cyanine dye and an organic iodide salt. It has a role as a fluorochrome. It contains a 1,1',3,3'-tetraethyl-5,5',6,6'-tetrachloroimidacarbocyanine.

References

1) Reers et al. (1991), J-aggregate formation of a carbocyanine as a quantitative fluorescent indicator of membrane potential; Biochemistry, 30 4480 2) Smiley et al. (1991), Intracellular heterogeneity in mitochondrial membrane potentials revealed by a J-aggregate-forming lipophilic cation JC-1; Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 88 3671 3) Lisa et al. (1995), Mitochondrial membrane potential in single living adult rat cardiac myocytes exposed to anoxia or metabolic inhibition; J. Physiol., 486 1 4) Wolosin et al. (2017), Application of JC1 for non-toxic isolation of cells with MDR transporter activity by flow cytometry; PLoS One, 12(4) e0174905 5) Wang et al. (2017), A novel cytoprotective peptide protects mesenchymal stem cells against mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis induced by starvation via Nrf2/Sirt3/FoxO3a pathway; J. Transl. Med., 15 33

Properties of JC-1

Melting point:	275–278 ℃
storage temp.	room temp
solubility	Soluble in methanol, N,N-dimethyl formamide, dimethyl sulfoxide
form	crystals
color	Deep red
λmax	514nm
Stability:	Store as supplied desiccated at -20°C for up to 2 years from the date of purchase. Solutions in DMSO or distilled water may be stored at 4°C for up to 1 year. DO NOT FREEZE/THAW SOLUTIONS. Sterilize solutions only by filtration, not by autoclaving
Biological Applications	Detectingmitochondrialmembrane potential,ABCB1,ABCC1,and ABCG2 transporters inhibitors,nucleic acid hybridization,prostate cancer; treating cellular death,Alzheimer’s disease; apoptosis assay; cytotoxicity assay; hematotoxicity
Major Application	Langmuir-Blodgett films; lasing systems; nonlinear optical materials; photographic materials1,