Grepafloxacin

Absorption

Rapidly and extensively absorbed following oral administration. The absolute bioavailability is approximately 70%.

Toxicity

Withdrawn from the US market in 1999 due to associations with QTc prolongation and adverse cardiovascular events.

The Uses of Grepafloxacin

dl-Grepafloxacin is an antibacterial compound used to treat various respirator infections.

Indications

For treatment of adults with mild to moderate infections caused by susceptible strains of Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, or Moraxella catarrhalis.

Background

Grepafloxacin is an oral broad-spectrum quinoline antibacterial agent used to treat bacterial infections. Due to the QTc-prolonging potential, as indicated by the changes in the QT interval on the electrocardiogram, and the risk for cardiovascular adverse events, grepafloxacin was withdrawn in the United States.

Definition

ChEBI: Grepafloxacin is a member of quinolines, a quinolone antibiotic and a fluoroquinolone antibiotic.

Pharmacokinetics

Grepafloxacin has in vitro activity against a wide range of gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic microorganisms, as well as some atypical microorganisms.

Metabolism

Primarily hepatic via CYP1A2 and CYP3A4. The major metabolite is a glucuronide conjugate; minor metabolites include sulfate conjugates and oxidative metabolites. The oxidative metabolites are formed mainly by the cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP1A2, while the cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP3A4 plays a minor role. The nonconjugated metabolites have little antimicrobial activity compared with the parent drug, and the conjugated metabolites have no antimicrobial activity