Toluene
Synonym(s):Toluene;Methylbenzene;MDR1;Toluene solution;Toluene ZerO2
- CAS NO.:108-88-3
- Empirical Formula: C7H8
- Molecular Weight: 92.14
- MDL number: MFCD00214201
- EINECS: 203-625-9
- SAFETY DATA SHEET (SDS)
- Update Date: 2023-11-28 16:31:44
What is Toluene?
Description
Toluene is a clear, colourless liquid with a sweet, benzene-like odour. Toluene occurs naturally
in crude oil and in the toluene tree. It is also produced in the process of making
gasoline and other fuels from crude oil and making coke from coal. Toluene is used in
making paints, paint thinners, fingernail polish, lacquers, adhesives, and rubber and in
some printing and leather tanning processes. Toluene is also used in the production of
polymers used to make nylon, plastic soda bottles, and polyurethanes and for pharmaceuticals,
dyes, cosmetic nail products, and the synthesis of organic chemicals.
Toluene has been reported as the most commonly abused hydrocarbon solvent, primarily
through ‘glue sniffing’. The common possibilities of exposure to high levels of toluene
include indoor air from the use of household products such as paints, paint thinners, adhesives,
synthetic fragrances, and many other sources.
Description
Toluene is a common solvent in organic chemistry. It is closely related to benzene but due to its much lower toxicity it is often used as an alternative to benzene. Xylenes are also similar to toluene and are used for many of the same reactions as toluene.
Description
March is MOTW Solvent Month! This is the third of four articles about key solvents—Ed.
Toluene, or toluol as it was once called, is the simplest aromatic hydrocarbon except for benzene. It was first isolated in 1837 from pine oil by Polish chemist Filip N. Walter. Four years later, French chemist Henri étienne Sainte-Claire Deville isolated it from “tolu balsam” (extracted from the Colombian tree Myroxylon balsamum). Within the next 10 years, chemists settled on toluene as the name for the then-new substance.
As shown in the statistics table, almost all of the global toluene demand is produced in oil refineries or is a byproduct of ethylene crackers. Similarly, most of it is used to make other aromatics or as a gasoline additive. Its use as a solvent is relatively minor; but it is a primary ingredient in paints, lacquers, and resins.?
Toluene has largely replaced the more-toxic benzene as a solvent. Benzene is an established carcinogen, but the carcinogenicity of toluene is as yet undetermined.
The Uses of Toluene
Toluene is derived from coal tar as well aspetroleum. It occurs in gasoline and manypetroleum solvents. Toluene is used to producetrinitrotoluene (TNT), toluene diisocyanate,and benzene; as an ingredient fordyes, drugs, and detergents; and as an industrialsolvent for rubbers, paints, coatings, andoils.
The Uses of Toluene
A mixture of the SM (1.08 g, 3.53 mmol) and PPh3 (1.39 g, 5.29 mmol) in toluene (20 mL) was stirred at reflux for 18 h. The mixture was cooled and the precipitate was collected, washed with toluene, and air dried to provide the product. [1.88 g, 94%]
Properties of Toluene
Melting point: | -93 °C (lit.) |
Boiling point: | 110-111 °C (lit.) |
Density | 0.865 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.) |
Flash point: | 40 °F |
storage temp. | 0-6°C
|
solubility | 526 mg/l |
appearance | colorless liquid |
appearance | Colorless liquid |
form | Liquid |
color | Colorless |
Odor | Aromatic, benzene-like odor detectable at 0.16 to 37 ppm (mean = 1.6 ppm) |
Water Solubility | 0.5 g/L (20 ºC) |
Safety information for Toluene
Signal word | Danger |
Pictogram(s) |
Flame Flammables GHS02 Exclamation Mark Irritant GHS07 Health Hazard GHS08 |
GHS Hazard Statements |
H225:Flammable liquids H304:Aspiration hazard H315:Skin corrosion/irritation H336:Specific target organ toxicity,single exposure; Narcotic effects H373:Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure H412:Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard |
Precautionary Statement Codes |
P201:Obtain special instructions before use. P210:Keep away from heat/sparks/open flames/hot surfaces. — No smoking. P273:Avoid release to the environment. P302+P352:IF ON SKIN: wash with plenty of soap and water. P308+P313:IF exposed or concerned: Get medical advice/attention. |
Computed Descriptors for Toluene
Abamectin manufacturer
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