Lysophosphatidylinositols (porcine liver) (sodium salt)

Description

Lysophosphatidylinositols (LPIs) are bioactive lysophospholipids formed via phospholipase A₁ (PLA₁) or PLA₂ catabolism of phosphatidylinositol . They are produced in a variety of cells including human platelets, endothelial cells, and neutrophils and are found in the central and peripheral nervous system. LPIs containing stearic acid are the primary form found in rat brain followed by LPIs containing arachidonic acid (Item Nos. 90010 | 10006607), and both are agonists of the G protein-coupled receptor GPR55, with 2-arachidonoyl LPI having higher activity than 2-stearoyl LPI. LPIs also induce exocytotic release of insulin by pancreatic islet cells and intracellular calcium mobilization in a variety of cells, as well as increase ERK1/2, Akt, and p38 phosphorylation via GPR55 activation. LPIs accumulate in transformed cell lines due to increased PLA₂ activity and blood levels are higher in patients with ovarian or peritoneal cancers compared with healthy controls. Lysophosphatidylinositols is a mixture of lysophosphatidylinositols isolated from porcine liver with various fatty acyl groups at the sn-1 position and a hydroxy group in the sn-2 position.