GERANIUM OIL

Chemical properties

Obtained by steam distillation of the leaves. The oil has a spicy odor. Two fractions, heavier and lighter than water fractions, are formed during distillation, with a milky emulsion at the interface. The two fractions are combined at the end of the distillation. Also see Pimenta (Allspice).

Physical properties

The oil is a pale-yellow to light brownish-yellow liquid. In contact with iron, it can acquire a blue shade turning to dark-brown upon long contact. The oil is soluble in propylene glycol and most fixed oils (with opalescence). It is relatively insoluble in mineral oil and glycerin.

Occurrence

Found in the leaves of the shrub Pimenta officinalis Lindl. (Fam. Myrtaceae).

Preparation

By steam distillation of the leaves of Pimenta officinalis Lindl.

Essential oil composition

Main constituents include eugenol (approximately 70%), caryophyllene, acids and aldehydes.

Safety Profile

Moderately toxic by ingestion. A severe skin irritant. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes. See also EUGENOL.