ABT-492

Absorption

The median time to peak plasma concentration for orally administered Delafloxacin is 0.75 (0.5-4.0) hours after a single dose and 1.00 (0.5-6.0) hours for steady state dosing . The median time to peak plasma concentration for intravenously administered Delafloxacin is 1.00 (1.0-1.2) hours for a single dose and 1.0 (1.0-1.0) hour for steady state dosing. The absolute bioavailability for orally administed Delafloxacin is 58.8%.

Toxicity

The most common adverse reactions noted with Delafloxacin were nausea (8%), diarrhea (8%), headache (3%), transaminase elevations (3%), and vomiting (2%) . Fluoroquinolones are associated with increased frequency of tendon rupture and tendonitis, increased risk of peipheral neuropathy, excacerbation of myasthenia gravis, and development of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea. Fluoroquinolones are also associated with an increased risk of central nervous system reactions (CNS), including: convulsions and increased intracranial pressure (including pseudotumor cerebri) and toxic psychosis. Fluoroquinolones may also cause CNS reactions of nervousness, agitation, insomnia, anxiety, nightmares, paranoia, dizziness, confusion, tremors, hallucinations, depression, and suicidal thoughts or acts.

The Uses of ABT-492

Delafloxacin is a potent agent and broad-spectrum anionic fluoroquinolone against Streptococcus pneumoniae and diverse group of pathogens.

Background

Delafloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic which has been used in trials studying the treatment and basic science of Gonorrhea, Hepatic Impairment, Bacterial Skin Diseases, Skin Structure Infections, and Community Acquired Pneumonia, among others. It was approved in June 2017 under the trade name Baxdela for use in the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections.

Indications

Delafloxacin is indicated for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections caused by the Gram-positive organisms Staphylococcus aureus (including methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible isolates), Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Staphylococcus lugdunensis, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus anginosus Group (including Streptococcus anginosus, Streptococcus intermedius, and Streptococcus constellatus), Streptococcus pyogenes, and Enterococcus faecalis as well as the Gram-negative organisms Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa .

Biochem/physiol Actions

Delafloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic active against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria such as MRSA. Delafloxacin targets both DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, inhibiting DNA synthesis. Unlike most fluoroquinolones, delafloxacin is weakly acidic, which increases its potency in an acidic environments such as those existing in inflammatory cells and in skin and soft tissue infections. Delafloxacin shows good activity against most fluoroquinolone-resistant strains.

Pharmacokinetics

Delafloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibacterial drug which kills bacterial cells .

Metabolism

Delafoxacin is primarily metabolized via glucuronidation mediated by UDP glucuronosyltransferase 1-1, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-3, and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B15 . Less than 1% is metabolized via oxidation.