1,1,1-trichloroethane SDS
SECTION 1: Identification of the substance/mixture and of the company/undertaking
Product identifier
- Product name： 1,1,1-trichloroethane
- CAS： 71-55-6
Relevant identified uses of the substance or mixture and uses advised against
- Relevant identified uses： For R&D use only. Not for medicinal, household or other use.
- Uses advised against： none
Company Identification
- Company：Chemicalbook.in
- Address：5 vasavi Layout Basaveswara Nilayam Pragathi Nagar Hyderabad, India -500090
- Telephone：+91 9550333722
SECTION 2: Hazards identification
Classification of the substance or mixture
Acute toxicity - Category 4, Inhalation
Hazardous to the ozone layer, Category 1
GHS label elements, including precautionary statements
-
Pictogram(s)
- Signal word Warning
H332 Harmful if inhaled
H420 Harms public health and the environment by destroying ozone in the upper atmosphere
P261 Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.
P271 Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area.
P304+P340 IF INHALED: Remove person to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing.
P317 Get medical help.
none
P502 Refer to manufacturer or supplier for information on recovery or recycling
Other hazards which do not result in classification
no data available
SECTION 3: Composition/information on ingredients
Substance
- Chemical name: 1,1,1-trichloroethane
- Common names and synonyms: 1,1,1-trichloroethane
- CAS number: 71-55-6
- EC number: 200-756-3
- Concentration: 100%
SECTION 4: First aid measures
Description of necessary first-aid measures
Fresh air, rest. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.
Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.
First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.
Do NOT induce vomiting. Rinse mouth. Give a slurry of activated charcoal in water to drink. Refer for medical attention .
Most important symptoms/effects, acute and delayed
INHALATION: symptoms range from loss of equilibrium and incoordination to loss of consciousness; high concentration can be fatal due to simple asphyxiation combined with loss of consciousness. INGESTION: produces effects similar to inhalation and may cause some feeling of nausea. EYES: slightly irritating and lachrymatory. SKIN: defatting action may cause dermatitis. (USCG, 1999)
Indication of immediate medical attention and special treatment needed, if necessary
Emergency and supportive measures: 1. Maintain an open airway and assist ventilation if necessary. Administer supplemental oxygen and treat hydrocarbon aspiration pneumonitis if it occurs. 2. Treat seizures, coma, and arrhythmias if they occur. Caution: Avoid the use of epinephrine or other sympathomimetic amines because of the risk of inducing or aggravating cardiac arrhythmias. Tachyarrhythmias caused by myocardial sensitization may be treated with propranolol ... or esmolol . 3. Monitor for a minimum of 4-6 hours after significant exposure. Trichloroethane, trichloroethylene, and tetrachloroethylene
SECTION 5: Firefighting measures
Suitable extinguishing media
Dry chemical, foam, or carbon dioxide
Specific hazards arising from the chemical
Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Toxic and irritating gases are generated in fires. (USCG, 1999)
Special protective actions for fire-fighters
In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.
SECTION 6: Accidental release measures
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Personal protection: self-contained breathing apparatus. Ventilation. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Collect leaking liquid in sealable containers. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.
Environmental precautions
Personal protection: self-contained breathing apparatus. Ventilation. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Collect leaking liquid in sealable containers. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.
Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up
Environmental considerations: land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash, cement powder, or commmercial sorbents.
SECTION 7: Handling and storage
Precautions for safe handling
Handling in a well ventilated place. Wear suitable protective clothing. Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid formation of dust and aerosols. Use non-sparking tools. Prevent fire caused by electrostatic discharge steam.
Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities
Separated from food and feedstuffs, strong oxidants, aluminium, magnesium and zinc. Cool. Dry. Store in an area without drain or sewer access.Storage temp: Ambient; Venting: Pressure-vacuum.
SECTION 8: Exposure controls/personal protection
Control parameters
TLV: 350 ppm as TWA; 450 ppm as STEL; A4 (not classifiable as a human carcinogen); BEI issued.MAK: 550 mg/m3, 100 ppm; peak limitation category: II(2); skin absorption (H); pregnancy risk group: C.EU-OEL: 555 mg/m3, 100 ppm as TWA; 1110 mg/m3, 200 ppm as STEL
no data available
Appropriate engineering controls
Ensure adequate ventilation. Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Set up emergency exits and the risk-elimination area.
Individual protection measures, such as personal protective equipment (PPE)
Wear safety goggles or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.
Protective gloves.
Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.
no data available
SECTION 9: Physical and chemical properties and safety characteristics
-
Physical state：
Liquid.
-
Colour：
Colourless.
-
Odour：
... Mild chloroform-like odor
-
Melting point/freezing point：
-32 °C.
-
Boiling point or initial boiling point and boiling range：
74 °C.
-
Flammability：
Combustible Liquid, but burns with difficulty.
-
Lower and upper explosion limit/flammability limit：
Lower flammable limit: 7.5% by volume; Upper flammable limit: 12.5% by volume
-
Flash point：
> 20.4 °C. Atm. press.:Ca. 997 mBar.
-
Auto-ignition temperature：
537 °C. Atm. press.:1 atm.
-
Decomposition temperature：
no data available
-
pH：
no data available
-
Kinematic viscosity：
0.00086 Pa.s at 20 deg C
-
Solubility：
less than 1 mg/mL at 68° F (NTP, 1992)
-
Partition coefficient n-octanol/water：
log Pow = 2.49. Temperature:20 °C.
-
Vapour pressure：
133 hPa. Temperature:20 °C.
-
Density and/or relative density：
1.3.
-
Relative vapour density：
4.6 (vs air)
-
Particle characteristics：
no data available
SECTION 10: Stability and reactivity
Reactivity
Decomposes on burning. This produces toxic and corrosive fumes. Reacts violently with aluminium, aluminium alloys, magnesium, bases, strong oxidants, acetone and zinc.
Chemical stability
no data available
Possibility of hazardous reactions
It burns only in excess of oxygen or in air if a strong source of ignition is present.The vapour is heavier than air.1,1,1-TRICHLOROETHANE decomposes in the presence of chemically active metals. This includes aluminum, magnesium and their alloys. It will react violently with dinitrogen tetraoxide, oxygen, liquid oxygen, sodium and sodium-potassium alloys. It will also react violently with acetone, zinc and nitrates. It can react with sodium hydroxide. It is incompatible with strong oxidizers and strong bases. Mixtures with potassium or its alloys are shock-sensitive and may explode on light impact. This chemical can react with an aqueous suspension of calcium hydroxide, and with chlorine in sunlight. It will attack some forms of plastics, rubber and coatings. Upon contact with hot metal or on exposure to ultraviolet radiation, it will decompose to form irritant gases. A cobalt/molybdenum-alumina catalyst will generate a substantial exotherm on contact with its vapor at ambient temperatures. Hazardous reactions also occur with (aluminum oxide + heavy metals). (NTP, 1992).
Conditions to avoid
no data available
Incompatible materials
Reacts slowly with water, releasing corrosive hydrochloric acid.
Hazardous decomposition products
When heated to decomposition, it emits irritating gases and toxic fumes of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen chloride gas, chlorine, and phosgene.
SECTION 11: Toxicological information
Acute toxicity
- Oral: LD50 Rat oral 10.3-12.3 g/kg
- Inhalation: EC50 (cardiac sensitisation) - dog - ca. 0.7 vol % in air.
- Dermal: LD50 - rat - > 2 000 mg/kg bw.
Skin corrosion/irritation
no data available
Serious eye damage/irritation
no data available
Respiratory or skin sensitization
no data available
Germ cell mutagenicity
no data available
Carcinogenicity
Cancer Classification: Group D Not Classifiable as to Human Carcinogenicity
Reproductive toxicity
Epidemiologic studies have found no relationship between adverse pregnancy outcomes and exposure of mothers or fathers to methyl chloroform. Animal studies have not reported developmental or reproductive effects from exposure to methyl chloroform.
STOT-single exposure
The substance is mildly irritating to the eyes, respiratory tract and skin. The substance may cause effects on the central nervous system. This may result in lowering of consciousness. Exposure at high levels could cause cardiac dysrhythmia.
STOT-repeated exposure
The substance defats the skin, which may cause dryness or cracking.
Aspiration hazard
A harmful contamination of the air can be reached rather quickly on evaporation of this substance at 20°C.
SECTION 12: Ecological information
Toxicity
- Toxicity to fish: LC50 - Pimephales promelas - 52.8 mg/L - 96 h.
- Toxicity to daphnia and other aquatic invertebrates: This is a review document that includes both freshwater (Daphnia) and marine species.
- Toxicity to algae: EC50 - Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (previous names: Raphidocelis subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum) - 41 mg/L - 72 h.
- Toxicity to microorganisms: EC50 - activated sludge, domestic - 360 mg/L - 30 min. Remarks:Respiration rate.
Persistence and degradability
AEROBIC: No degradation was observed in subsurface soils in 27 weeks of incubation; however, in loamy sand, slow degradation was observed under acclimated conditions(1,2). Slow degradation may occur in water under anaerobic or aerated conditions; degradation may take several weeks and acclimation is important(3,4). In seawater, a half-life of 9 months has been determined and vinylidene chloride is the degradation product(5). No degradation in river water was found(6). No utilization of 1,1,1-trichloroethane occurred in a continuously-fed aerobic biofilm reactor that utilized acetate as its primary substrate; however, 98% removal was obtained in a similar anaerobic reactor with a 2-day retention time after 8 wk acclimation(8). 1,1,1-Trichloroethane degraded to vinylidene chloride as a first step in its biotransformation in microcosms containing aquifer water and sediment collected from uncontaminated sites in the Everglades(7); considerable degradation occurred within two weeks(7). Field evidence of biodegradation in aquifers was obtained by following the concentration of 1,1,1-trichloroethane in a confined aquifer after it was injected with reclaimed groundwater(8); the half-life of 1,1,1-trichloroethane was 231 days with biodegradation given as the probable cause of loss(8). The biodegradation half-life of 1,1,1-trichloroethane in non-adapted aerobic soils from Louisiana and Oklahoma were reported as >97 days and >485 days, respectively(9). 1,1,1-Trichloroethane at 100 mg/L achieved 0% of its theoretical BOD using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/L over a 2 week incubation period in the Japanese MITI test(10).
Bioaccumulative potential
A BCF range of 0.7 to 4.9 was measured using carp (Cyprinus carpio) which were exposed over an 6-week period(1). A BCF of 8.9 was determined in bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus) in a 28 day test(2). A BCF of 2.95 was measured in killfish (Oryzias latipes) over an 8-day exposure period(3). According to a classification scheme(4), these BCF values suggest that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).
Mobility in soil
The adsorption of 1,1,1-trichloroethane was studied using three US soils(1); equilibrium adsorption coefficients (Kd) of 1.8, 1.592, and 1.338 were measured using a soil from Missouri (11.4% sand, 52.7% silt, 33.4% clay, 2.4% organic matter), California (45.1% sand, 35.2% silt, 21.7% clay, 1.7% organic matter) and Florida (9.17% sand, 6.3% silt, 2% clay, 1.6% organic matter), respectively(1); these adsorption coefficients correspond to Koc values of 120 (Missouri soil), 151 (California soil) and 135 (Florida soil). A Koc value of 66 was reported for 1,1,1-trichloroethane in an unspecified soil(2). According to a classification scheme(3), these Koc values suggests that 1,1,1-trichloroethane is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC).
Other adverse effects
no data available
SECTION 13: Disposal considerations
Disposal methods
The material can be disposed of by removal to a licensed chemical destruction plant or by controlled incineration with flue gas scrubbing. Do not contaminate water, foodstuffs, feed or seed by storage or disposal. Do not discharge to sewer systems.
Containers can be triply rinsed (or equivalent) and offered for recycling or reconditioning. Alternatively, the packaging can be punctured to make it unusable for other purposes and then be disposed of in a sanitary landfill. Controlled incineration with flue gas scrubbing is possible for combustible packaging materials.
SECTION 14: Transport information
UN Number
ADR/RID: UN2831 (For reference only, please check.)
IMDG: UN2831 (For reference only, please check.)
IATA: UN2831 (For reference only, please check.)
UN Proper Shipping Name
ADR/RID: 1,1,1-TRICHLOROETHANE (For reference only, please check.)
IMDG: 1,1,1-TRICHLOROETHANE (For reference only, please check.)
IATA: 1,1,1-TRICHLOROETHANE (For reference only, please check.)
Transport hazard class(es)
ADR/RID: 6.1 (For reference only, please check.)
IMDG: 6.1 (For reference only, please check.)
IATA: 6.1 (For reference only, please check.)
Packing group, if applicable
ADR/RID: III (For reference only, please check.)
IMDG: III (For reference only, please check.)
IATA: III (For reference only, please check.)
Environmental hazards
ADR/RID: No
IMDG: No
IATA: No
Special precautions for user
no data available
Transport in bulk according to IMO instruments
no data available
SECTION 15: Regulatory information
Safety, health and environmental regulations specific for the product in question
SECTION 16: Other information
Abbreviations and acronyms
- CAS: Chemical Abstracts Service
- ADR: European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road
- RID: Regulation concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Rail
- IMDG: International Maritime Dangerous Goods
- IATA: International Air Transportation Association
- TWA: Time Weighted Average
- STEL: Short term exposure limit
- LC50: Lethal Concentration 50%
- LD50: Lethal Dose 50%
- EC50: Effective Concentration 50%
References
- IPCS - The International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSC), website: http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.home
- HSDB - Hazardous Substances Data Bank, website: https://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/newtoxnet/hsdb.htm
- IARC - International Agency for Research on Cancer, website: http://www.iarc.fr/
- eChemPortal - The Global Portal to Information on Chemical Substances by OECD, website: http://www.echemportal.org/echemportal/index?pageID=0&request_locale=en
- CAMEO Chemicals, website: http://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/search/simple
- ChemIDplus, website: http://chem.sis.nlm.nih.gov/chemidplus/chemidlite.jsp
- ERG - Emergency Response Guidebook by U.S. Department of Transportation, website: http://www.phmsa.dot.gov/hazmat/library/erg
- Germany GESTIS-database on hazard substance, website: http://www.dguv.de/ifa/gestis/gestis-stoffdatenbank/index-2.jsp
- ECHA - European Chemicals Agency, website: https://echa.europa.eu/
Other Information
Combustible vapour/air mixtures difficult to ignite, may be developed under certain conditions.The substance burns only in excess oxygen or if a strong source of ignition is present.Do NOT use in the vicinity of a fire or a hot surface, or during welding.An added stabilizer or inhibitor can influence the toxicological properties of this substance; consult an expert.Depending on the degree of exposure, periodic medical examination is suggested.Use of alcoholic beverages enhances the harmful effect.