UTP

Description

Uridine triphosphate (UTP;Uridine 5'-triphosphate) is a nucleotide that regulates the functions of the pancreas in endocrine and exocrine secretion, proliferation, channels, transporters, and intracellular signaling under normal and disease states.

Occurrence

Uridine 5'-triphosphate is a natural product found in Helianthus tuberosus, Apis cerana, and other organisms with data available.

The Uses of UTP

Uridine 5′-triphosphate trisodium salt solution has been used to increase the intracellular Ca²⁺ levels in rat primary tracheal epithelial cells. It has also been used as a nucleotide substrate to analyze the activity of MutT homologue 1 (MTH1).

Definition

UTP is a pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate having uracil as the nucleobase. It has a role as an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate and a uridine 5'-phosphate. It is a conjugate acid of an UTP(4-) and an UTP(3-).

Biochem/physiol Actions

P2Y receptor agonist

Pharmacokinetics

INS316 is a short-acting, aerosolized uridine 5-triphosphate (UTP) solution used as a diagnostic aid for lung cancer. INS316 appears to improve sputum expectoration mediated through the P2Y2 receptor, a nucleotide receptor expressed in human airway epithelial cells and some other tissues. UTP binding to the P2Y2 receptor triggers signal transduction that leads to chloride ion secretion, thereby resulting in mucociliary clearance of airway.

in vitro

Uridine triphosphate treatment induces Schwannoma cell migration through activation of P2Y2 receptors and through the increase of extracellular matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) activation and expression. Uridine triphosphate-induced proliferation is mediated by protein kinase D, Src-family tyrosine kinase, Ca/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), Akt, and phospholipase D. Uridine triphosphate increases phosphorylation of Akt through protein kinase C, Src-family tyrosine kinase, Ca/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, and PI3K.

in vivo

Uridine triphosphate reduces mitochondrial calcium levels following hypoxia. Early or late uridine triphosphate preconditioning is effective to reduce infarct size and superior myocardial function. Uridine triphosphate treatment increases the number of monocytes and macrophages infiltrating the pouch and up-regulates the gene expression of IL-4 and IL-13 in the regional lymph nodes.

References

[1]. Lamarca A, et al. Uridine 5'-triphosphate promotes in vitro Schwannoma cell migration through matrix metalloproteinase-2 activation. PLoS One. 2014 Jun 6;9(6):e98998.
[2]. Choi JH, et al. Uridine triphosphate increases proliferation of human cancerous pancreatic duct epithelial cells by activating P2Y2 receptor. Pancreas. 2013 May;42(4):680-6.
[3]. Yitzhaki S, et al. Uridine-5'-triphosphate (UTP) reduces infarct size and improves rat heart function aftermyocardial infarct. Biochem Pharmacol. 2006 Oct 16;72(8):949-55.
[4]. Iwaki Y, et al. Enhancement of antibody production against rabies virus by uridine 5'-triphosphate in mice. Microbes Infect. 2014 Mar;16(3):196-202.