SPINOSAD

Absorption

Not absorbed if administered topically.

Toxicity

Natroba contains benzyl alcohol, which should be avoided in neonates due to associated severe adverse effects and potential fatality. For use only on the scalp and associated hair. Avoid ingestion and contact with eyes. Spinosad itself is not hazardous by the oral, dermal, ocular, or inhalational routes.

Description

Spinosad is a naturally-occurring insecticide found in the the soil bacterium S. spinosa. It is a mixture of the macrocyclic lactones spinosyn A and spinosyn D , which act as agonists of insect nicotinic acetylcholinesterase receptors (nAChRs). Oral administration of spinosad induces toxicity in fruit flies including C. capitata, B. curcurbitae, and B. dorsalis (LC₅₀s = 2.8-4.2, 4.3-5.5, and 3.1-3.3 μg/ml, respectively) but has low toxicity in vertebrates. It also inhibits canine P-glycoprotein (P-gp; IC₅₀ = 0.2 μg/ml). Formulations containing spinosad have been used in the agricultural and veterinary control of insects.

The Uses of SPINOSAD

Insecticide.

What are the applications of Application

Spinosad is a reference standard

Indications

Spinosad is indicated for the topical treatment of head lice infestation in adult and pediatric patients ≥6 months old. It is also indicated for the topical treatment of scabies infestation in adult and pediatric patients ≥4 years old.

Background

Spinosad is a pediculicide mixture of spinosyn A and spinosyn D (in an approximately 5:1 ratio, respectively) used in the topical treatment of head lice in children (four years old and older) and in adults. Spinosad is an insecticide based on a compound found in S. spinosa, a bacterial species. Spinosad has also been experimented for use in cats for treatment of flea infestations, and has also been experimented for use against the KS1 Ctenocephalides felis flea strain infesting dogs, in addition to many investigations for use in other animals and agricultural plants.

Definition

Isolated from Saccharopolyspora spinosa (Actinomycetes).

Hazard

A poison by inhalation. Moderately toxic by ingestion.

Pharmacokinetics

Spinosyn A does not appear to directly interact with any known relevant insecticidal targets, but instead boasts a novel mechanism that resembles a GABA antagonist. Spinosyn A is also slightly more biologically active than spinosyn D.

Metabolism

Not Available