Sodium fluoride

Absorption

Sodium fluoride is 90% absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, with 77% of absorption in the proximal intestine and about 25% in the stomach. The rate of absorption may vary according to gastric pH. Cmax is reached 20-60 minutes after ingestion. Cmax was estimated to be 848 ± 116 ng/mL after a 20mg sodium fluoride solution was ingested, with a Tmax of 0.46 ± 0.17 hours. The bioavailability of sodium fluoride tablets administered in the fasted state during one pharmacokinetic study approached 100%. Another resource reports a sodium fluoride AUC of 1.14 ± 0.12 μg × h/mL after the ingestion of fluoridated water.

Toxicity

The oral LD50 of sodium fluoride is 44 mg/kg in mice and 31 mg/kg in rats. The oral LD50 of sodium fluoride in rabbits is 200 mg/kg.
Overdose information
The ingestion of toothpaste is the major cause of sodium fluoride overdose. This is followed by sodium fluoride supplements and mouth rinses. Most causes of sodium fluoride toxicity have been observed in children under the age of 6 years old. The manifestations of a sodium fluoride overdose may include gastrointestinal disturbance, abdominal pain, alterations in taste, seizures, salivation, bradycardia, tachycardia, headache, tremor, and shallow breathing. Gastrointestinal bleeding may also occur in addition to a sensation of burning in the mouth. Hypotension, bronchospasm, fixed mydriasis, and elevated potassium can also occur which, in turn, may lead to arrhythmias and cardiac arrest.
Management
If a dose greater than 5 mg fluoride per kilogram of body weight (2.3 mg fluoride per pound of body weight) has been taken, it is advisable to induce vomiting. Administer calcium in an oral, soluble form (for example, 5% calcium gluconate, a solution of calcium lactate, or milk). The patient should seek immediate medical attention. If a sodium fluoride ingestion of 15 mg fluoride/kg of body weight or more occurs (i.e. higher than 6.9 mg fluoride per pound), immediately induce vomiting, provide supportive care, and admit the patient to the hospital for observation.

Description

Sodium fluoride, NaF, is a binary salt that is a clear, lustrous crystal or white powder. The insecticide grade is frequently dyed blue. It is soluble in water and has a specific gravity of 2.558, which is heavier than water. Sodium fluoride is highly toxic by ingestion and inhalation, and is also strongly irritating to tissue. The TLV is 2.5 mg/m3 of air. The four-digit UN identification number is 1690. The primary uses are fluoridation of municipal water at 1 ppm, as an insecticide, rodenticide, and fungicide, and in toothpastes and disinfectants.

Description

Sodium fluoride has replaced stannous fluoride and sodium monofluorophosphate as the most commonly used cavity-fighting agent in commercial toothpastes, although it didn''t make its commercial debut until 1982. It works well with the kinds of silica abrasives (polishing agents) used in translucent gel toothpastes. Sodium fluoride is a close chemical relative of sodium chloride, ordinary table salt.

The Uses of Sodium fluoride

Sodium fluoride (NaF), in the concentration of one ppm, is added to municipal drinking water to help reduce tooth decay. It is also used as an insecticide, fungicide, and rodenticide, as well as in the manufacture of adhesives, disinfectants, and dental products.

What are the applications of Application

Sodium Fluoride is an inhibitor of serine/threonine phosphatases widely used in bone and dental research

Indications

Sodium fluoride in the oral or topical form is indicated for the prevention and control of dental caries and for the maintenance of dental health. Fluoride supplements in the form of tablets and other formulas may be prescribed to prevent tooth decay in high-risk children aged 6 months to 16 years old whose drinking water source contains low fluoride concentrations.

Background

Sodium fluoride is an inorganic chemical compound that is a source of the fluoride ion in many applications, including dental care and radiographic imaging when it is used as Fluoride ion F-18. Sodium fluoride's benefits on dental health were first observed in the 1930s, when individuals in communities with fluoridated drinking water showed less tooth decay than those without fluoridated water. The use of fluoride in dental practice began in the 1940s. Now, sodium fluoride may be found in a variety of gels, varnishes, rinses, toothpaste products, and fluoride treatments provided in dental care. According to the American Dental Association (ADA), thorough evidence reviews have indicated that the use of fluoride to prevent and control dental caries is safe when used correctly and is highly effective in reducing the prevalence of caries.

Pharmacokinetics

Sodium fluoride protects the teeth from acid demineralization while preventing tooth decay by bacteria while strengthening tooth enamel. It is important to note that excess fluoride exposure during tooth mineralization, especially in children 1-3 years old, may cause fluorosis. It is a condition manifested by white lines, pitting, or discoloration of teeth resulting from changes in tooth enamel. The risk of fluorosis can be decreased by the use of a rice-size amount of fluoridated toothpaste in children younger than 3 years old. It is recommended that no more than a pea-sized quantity of fluoridated toothpaste should be used for children from 3 to 6 years old. The American Dentistry Association (ADA) recommends that children should be closely supervised during toothpaste use to prevent excess fluoride ingestion.

Metabolism

Several factors can affect the metabolism of sodium fluoride. These include disorders of acid-base balance, circadian rhythm, hematocrit level, high or low altitude, the level physical activity, hormonal status, renal function, genetic predispositions in addition to the diet.