Quinoxaline

Synonym(s):1,4-Benzodiazine;Benzo[a]pyrazine;Benzopyrazine

CAS NO.：91-19-0
Empirical Formula: C8H6N2
Molecular Weight: 130.15
MDL number: MFCD00006719
EINECS: 202-047-4
SAFETY DATA SHEET (SDS)
Update Date: 2026-05-27 22:50:50

What is Quinoxaline?

Chemical properties

light yellow to brown crystalline

The Uses of Quinoxaline

Organic synthesis.

The Uses of Quinoxaline

Quinoxaline is a reagent used in the synthesis of quinoxaline diimides as small molecule non-fullerene acceptors for organic solar cells.

Definition

ChEBI: A naphthyridine in which the nitrogens are at positions 1 and 4.

Synthesis Reference(s)

Journal of the American Chemical Society, 69, p. 795, 1947 DOI: 10.1021/ja01196a015
The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 55, p. 1744, 1990 DOI: 10.1021/jo00293a014
Organic Syntheses, Coll. Vol. 4, p. 824, 1963

General Description

Transition metal-free acylation of quinoxaline derivatives, by cross dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) reaction, were studied.

Purification Methods

Crystallise quinoxaline from pet ether. It crystallises as the monohydrate on addition of water to a pet ether solution. It has UV: at 242 and 331nm (Ho –2); 234 and 316nm (pH 7.1). The picrate has m 161-162o.[Albert & Phillips J Chem Soc 1294 1956, Beilstein 23 H 176, 23 II 177, 23 III/IV 1226, 23/7 V 135.]

Properties of Quinoxaline

Melting point:	29-32 °C (lit.)
Boiling point:	220-223 °C (lit.)
Density	1.124 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
refractive index	nD48 1.6231
Flash point:	209 °F
storage temp.	2-8°C
solubility	alcohol: freely soluble(lit.)
form	Crystalline Low Melting Solid
pka	0.56(at 20℃)
color	Light yellow to brown
Water Solubility	SOLUBLE
Merck	14,8078
BRN	109351
Stability:	Light Sensitive
CAS DataBase Reference	91-19-0(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference	Quinoxaline(91-19-0)
EPA Substance Registry System	Quinoxaline (91-19-0)

Safety information for Quinoxaline

Signal word	Warning
Pictogram(s)	Exclamation Mark Irritant GHS07
GHS Hazard Statements	H315:Skin corrosion/irritation H319:Serious eye damage/eye irritation H335:Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure;Respiratory tract irritation
Precautionary Statement Codes	P261:Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray. P264:Wash hands thoroughly after handling. P264:Wash skin thouroughly after handling. P280:Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection. P304+P340:IF INHALED: Remove victim to fresh air and Keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing. P305+P351+P338:IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continuerinsing. P405:Store locked up.