PENITREM A

Synonym(s):Tremortin A

CAS NO.：12627-35-9
Empirical Formula: C37H44ClNO6
Molecular Weight: 634.2
MDL number: MFCD12547934
EINECS: 634-132-0
SAFETY DATA SHEET (SDS)
Update Date: 2026-01-13 11:20:56

What is PENITREM A?

Description

Penitrem A (12627-35-9) is a fungal mycotoxin that acts as a selective, irreversible blocker of the smooth muscle high conductance Ca2+-activated K+?(BK, KCa1.1) channel (100% block at 10 nM).1?Displays brain neurotoxicity in rats along with dose-dependent convulsions and death.2?An important tool for studying the role of BK channels in vascular function which is effective in cellular, tissue and?in vivo?experiments.3?Inhibits BK channels in inside-out and cell-attached patches, whereas iberiotoxin (considered the gold standard BK channel blocker) does not.3?May be used to partially ablate Purkinje cells in immature rat cerebellum providing a model for neural stem cell transplantation studies.4

Chemical properties

Solid

Occurrence

A series of closely related metabolites of Penicillium crustosum has recently been isolated and the components separated chromatographically. Penitrem A forms colourless crystals from EtOH.

The Uses of PENITREM A

Penitrem A is a tremorgenic mycotoxin isolated from Penicillium species. Penitrem A is a selective blocker of high-conductance Ca2+-activated potassium channels.

The Uses of PENITREM A

Penitrem A has been used as Ca²⁺-Activated K⁺ (BK) channel blocker to study its effect on BK current in bag cell neurons.

What are the applications of Application

Penitrem A is a selective and irreversible blocker of the smooth muscle high conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel

Definition

ChEBI: Penitrem A is an organooxygen compound and an organic heterotricyclic compound.

Biochem/physiol Actions

Penitrem A intoxication causes ataxia, polypnea, and sustained tremors and may lead to seizures and death. Penitrem A affects the central and peripheral nervous system. It impairs the GABAergic neurotransmission in the cerebellum.

Safety Profile

Poison by ingestion and intraperitoneal routes. An experimental teratogen. When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of Clí and NOx.

Storage

-20°C

References

References/Citations:

Properties of PENITREM A

Melting point:	238°C
Density	1.0241 (rough estimate)
refractive index	1.6000 (estimate)
storage temp.	2-8°C
solubility	Soluble in DMSO (up to 6 mg/ml)
pka	13.22±0.70(Predicted)
form	White solid.
color	Amorphous solid
Stability:	Stable for 1 year from date of purchase as supplied. Solutions in DMSO may be stored at -20°C for up to 3 months.