2-Amino-4-phenylbutane

Description

Amphetamine, or 1-phenyl-2-aminopropane, was first synthesized in 1887 by Romanian chemist L. Edeleanu. It is a central nervous system stimulant and the parent compound of a family of widely used (and abused) psychoactive drugs. It is sold under many trade names—Benzedrine, Dexedrine, and Adderall are the most prominent—and as the racemic mixture or either of its two optical isomers. The?D-isomer is shown.

Chemical properties

clear colorless liquid

The Uses of 2-Amino-4-phenylbutane

2-Amino-4-phenylbutane is used in the synthesis of N-substituted derivatives of (1-methyl-3- phenylpropyl)amine.

Biological Functions

Amphetamine is an indirectly acting adrenomimetic amine that depends for its action on the release of norepinephrine from noradrenergic nerves. Its pharmacological effects are similar to those of ephedrine; however, its CNS stimulant activity is somewhat greater. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressures are increased by oral dosing with amphetamine. The heart rate is frequently slowed reflexively. Cardiac output may remain unchanged in the low- and moderate-dose range. The therapeutic uses of amphetamine are based on its ability to stimulate the CNS. The D-isomer (dextroamphetamine) is three to four times as potent as the L-isomer in producing CNS effects. It has been used in the treatment of obesity because of its anorexic effect, although tolerance to this effect develops rapidly. It prevents or overcomes fatigue and has been used as a CNS stimulant. Amphetamine is no longer recommended for these uses because of its potential for abuse. Amphetamine is useful in certain cases of narcolepsy or minimal brain dysfunction.

Flammability and Explosibility

Not classified

Safety Profile

A poison by intraperitoneal and parenteral route. Moderately toxic by ingestion.When heated to decomposition it emits toxic vapors of NOx.

Synthesis

Amphetamine is prepared by treating phenylacetone with formic acid and ammonia under the Leuckart-Wallach conditions .