1,7-Dimethylxanthine

Description

Paraxanthine is an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 9 (PDE9) and an antagonist of adenosine receptors A₁ and A₂ (K_is = 35 and 22 μM, respectively in equine forebrain tissues). It is the main metabolite of caffeine in humans, making up 80% of the three dimethylxanthine metabolites produced by caffeine demethylation. Paraxanthine increases locomotor activity and counteracts adenosine receptor agonist-induced motor depression in rats not habituated to caffeine. At a dose of 30 mg/kg, paraxanthine induces a significant increase in striatal cGMP and extracellular striatal dopamine concentrations in vivo. It also promotes wakefulness and increases locomotor activity and core temperature in narcoleptic transgenic mice without increasing behavioral anxiety.

Chemical properties

Off-White to Pale Yellow Solid

The Uses of 1,7-Dimethylxanthine

1,7-Dimethylxanthine has been used for the quantification of caffeine by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

The Uses of 1,7-Dimethylxanthine

adenosine receptor agonist, CNS stimulant

The Uses of 1,7-Dimethylxanthine

Paraxanthine is an adenosine receptor ligand and a major metabolite of caffeine.This compound is a contaminant of emerging concern (CECs).

What are the applications of Application

Paraxanthine is an adenosine receptor ligand and a major metabolite of caffeine

Definition

ChEBI: 1,7-dimethylxanthine is a dimethylxanthine having the two methyl groups located at positions 1 and 7. It is a metabolite of caffeine and theobromine in animals. It has a role as a central nervous system stimulant, a human xenobiotic metabolite, a human blood serum metabolite and a mouse metabolite.

General Description

Paraxanthine is a major plasma and urinary metabolite of caffeine. This xanthine derivative is, along with caffeine, a central nervous system stimulant. This Snap-N-Spike^? reference solution is applicable for caffeine quantitation in clinical toxicology or urine drug testing by LC-MS/MS or GC/MS.

Biochem/physiol Actions

Adenosine receptor ligand; major metabolite of caffeine

Safety Profile

An experimental teratogen. Mutation data reported. Whenheated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx.